EV Dictionary: Battery

800V Architecture

A higher-voltage EV system that can reduce current at a given power.

Battery Degradation

How EV batteries lose capacity over time and what influences the rate.

Battery Management System (BMS)

The controls that monitor, estimate, and protect an EV battery pack.

Battery Preconditioning

How an EV prepares its battery temperature for charging or departure.

Cell-to-Pack (CTP)

A battery architecture that integrates cells directly into the pack structure.

Charge Curve

How an EV's charging power changes as battery state of charge increases.

Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

The energy unit used for EV battery capacity and electricity consumption.

LFP Battery

A lithium-ion battery chemistry using a lithium iron phosphate cathode.

Lithium-Ion Battery

The rechargeable battery family used in most EVs, with electrode materials and cell designs that vary.

LMFP Battery

A lithium-ion cathode chemistry that adds manganese to LFP to raise operating voltage.

NCA Battery

A lithium-ion battery chemistry using a nickel-cobalt-aluminum cathode.

NMC Battery

A lithium-ion battery chemistry using nickel, manganese, and cobalt.

Semi-Solid, Quasi-Solid, and Condensed Batteries

A guide to three overlapping battery labels that may still include liquid or gel electrolyte.

Silicon and Silicon-Carbon Anodes

How silicon-rich and silicon-carbon anodes trade higher capacity against swelling and durability challenges.

Sodium-Ion Battery

A rechargeable battery family that stores energy by moving sodium ions between its electrodes.

Solid-State Battery

A battery that uses a solid ion-conducting electrolyte instead of a conventional liquid electrolyte.

State of Charge (SoC)

The estimated percentage of an EV battery's usable energy that remains.