Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is bidirectional charging in which an EV can export electrical energy through compatible equipment for use by the electricity grid or an energy service connected to it.
What is required
V2G needs more than a battery and a charging connector. The vehicle, charging equipment, communication protocol, installation, energy-management system, and grid or utility program must all support the function. Market rules and interconnection approval can also determine whether export is permitted.
V2G is different from ordinary smart charging, which only changes when or how quickly the vehicle draws power. It is also not guaranteed by vehicle-to-load capability: powering an appliance from the vehicle does not prove that the car can synchronize with and export to the grid.
Potential uses include managed charging, demand support, and participation in grid services, but availability and battery-management policies are implementation-specific. See Bidirectional Charging for V2G, home backup, communication, and safety requirements.